Google Fiber is installed by micro trenching into the asphalt, and delivered to homes by cutting across the curb where it terminates in a "coyote" box (in the ground), then fiber is run to the side of the house. Once inside the house, the fiber is converted to an ethernet "handoff" so it can be plugged in to a router.
Google Fiber works with city officials to ensure this process meets code for asphalt and concrete. In most neighborhoods, this isn't a problem. In a gated community where streets are maintained by the homeowner association, it gets complicated.
Counties, cities and other municipalities have the leadership, administration, planners, equipment and resources to build and maintain (asphalt) roads and bridges. These organizations have experts on staff to help lead and execute projects in a manner that maximizes utility of the roadways and provides for a responsible use of tax dollars. Streets are sealed or resurfaced as needed with a high degree of competency. With accountability and oversight, the asphalt is cared for and maintained such that it meets the intended life expectancy. There may be areas with bumpy streets or "pot holes", but eventually, they all get fixed, updated, and maintained.
Gated communities, led by homeowner associations, are responsible for maintaining their own roads. Where teams of experts provide planning and ledership for city street projects, unpaid volunteers (often with little to no asphalt exertise) fill those roles in gated communities. Vendors and contractors are the "experts" and they're paid by homeowner association dues. Funding and maintenance can vary greatly. When comparing the impact of Google Fiber micro trenching, which is fine on city streets, this can be a stressful topic for gated communities who don't have the same confidence in their asphalt maintenance.